奥巴马总统在开罗大学的演讲

　　President Speaks at Cairo University

　　Cairo University

　　June 4, 2019

　　Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much. Good afternoon. I am honored to be in the timeless city of Cairo and to be hosted by two remarkable institutions. For over a thousand years, Al-Azhar has had stood as a beacon of Islamic learning. And for over a century, Cairo University has been a source of Egypt's advancement. Together, you represent the harmony between tradition and progress.

　　I'm grateful for your hospitality and the hospitality of the people of Egypt. And I'm also proud to carry with me the good will of the American people and a greeting of peace from Muslim communities in my country: Assalamu-alaikum.

　　We meet at a time of great tension between the United States and Muslims around the world, tension rooted in historical forces that go beyond any current policy debate. The relationship between Islam and the West includes centuries of coexistence and cooperation but also conflict and religious wars.

　　More recently, tension has been fed by colonialism that denied rights and

　　opportunities to many Muslims and a Cold War in which Muslim majority countries were too often treated as proxies without regard to their own aspirations. Moreover, the sweeping change brought by modernity and globalization led many Muslims to view the West as hostile to the traditions of Islam.

　　Violent extremists have exploited these tensions in a small but potent minority of Muslims. The attacks of September 11, 2001, and the continued efforts of these extremists to engage in violence against civilians has led some in my country to view Islam as inevitably hostile not only to America and western countries but also to human rights.

　　All this has bred more fear and more mistrust. So long as our relationship is defined by our differences, we will empower those who sow hatred rather than peace, those who promote conflict rather than the cooperation that can help all of our people achieve justice and prosperity. And this cycle of suspicion and discord must end. I've come here to Cairo to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world, one based on mutual interest and mutual respect, and one based upon the truth that America and Islam are not exclusive and need not be in competition. Instead, they overlap and share common principles, principles of justice and progress, tolerance and the dignity of all human beings.

　　I do so recognizing that change cannot happen overnight. I know there's been a lot of publicity about this speech, but no single speech can eradicate years of mistrust nor can I answer in the time that I have this afternoon all the complex questions that brought us to this point.

　　But I am convinced that in order to move forward, we must say openly to each other the things we hold in our hearts and that too often are said only behind closed doors.

　　There must be a sustained effort to listen to each other, to learn from each other, to respect one another, and to seek common ground.

　　As the Holy Quran tells us：“Be conscious of God and speak always the truth. ” That is what I will try to do today, to speak the truth as best I can. Humbled by the task before us and firm in my belief that the interests we share as human beings are far more powerful than the forces that drive us apart.

　　Now, part of this conviction is rooted in my own experience. I'm a Christian. But my father came from a Kenyan family that includes generations of Muslims. As a boy, I spent several years in Indonesia and heard the call of the azan at the break of dawn and at the fall of dusk.

　　As a young man, I worked in Chicago communities where many found dignity and peace in their Muslim faith. As a student of history, I also know civilization's debt to Islam. It was Islam at places like Al-Azhar that carried the light of learning through so many centuries, paving the way for Europe's renaissance and enlightenment. It was innovation in Muslim communities...

　　It was innovation in Muslim communities that developed the order of algebra, our magnetic compass and tools of navigation, our mastery of pens and printing, our understanding of how disease spreads and how it can be healed. Islamic culture has given us majestic arches and soaring spires, timeless poetry and cherished music, elegant calligraphy and places of peaceful contemplation. And throughout history, Islam has demonstrated through words and deeds the possibilities of religious tolerance and racial equality.

　　I also know that Islam has always been a part of America's story. The first nation to recognize my country was Morocco. In signing the Treaty of Tripoli in 1796, our second president, John Adams, wrote,

　　The United States has in itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion or tranquility of Muslims. And since our founding, American Muslims have eiched the United States.

　　They have fought in our wars. They have served in our government. They have stood for civil rights. They have started businesses. They have taught at our universities. They've excelled in our sports arenas. They've won Nobel Prizes, built our tallest building and lit the Olympic torch. And when the first Muslim American was recently elected to Congress, he took the oath to defend our Constitution using the same holy Quran that one of our founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson, kept in his personal library.

　　So I have known Islam on three continents before coming to the region where it was first revealed. That experience guides my conviction that partnership between America and Islam must be based on what Islam is, not what it isn't. And I consider it part of my responsibility as president of the United States to fight against negative stereotypes of Islam wherever they appear.

　　But that same principle must apply to Muslim perceptions of America. Just as Muslims do not fit a crude stereotype, America is not the crude stereotype of a

　　self-interested empire. The United States has been one of the greatest sources of progress that the world has ever known. We were born out of revolution against an empire.

　　We were founded upon the ideal that all are created equal. And we have shed blood and struggled for centuries to give meaning to those words, within our borders and around the world.

　　We are shaped by every culture. Drawn from every end of the Earth, and dedicated to a simple concept, E pluribus unum: Out of many, one.

　　Now much has been made of the fact that an African-American with the name Barack Hussein Obama could be elected president.

　　But my personal story is not so unique. The dream of opportunity for all people has not come true for everyone in America, but its promise exists for all who come to our shores. And that includes nearly 7 million American Muslims in our country today who, by the way, enjoy incomes and educational levels that are higher than the American average.

　　Moreover, freedom in America is indivisible from the freedom to practice one's religion. That is why there is a mosque in every state in our union and over 1,200 mosques within our borders. That's why the United States government has gone to court to protect the right of women and girls to wear the hijab, and to punish those who would deny it.

　　So let there be no doubt, Islam is a part of America. And I believe that America holds within her the truth that regardless of race, religion, or station in life, all of us share common aspirations: to live in peace and security, to get an education and to work with dignity, to love our families, our communities, and our God. These things we share. This is the hope of all humanity.

　　Of course, recognizing our common humanity is only the beginning of our task. Words alone cannot meet the needs of our people. These needs will be met only if we act boldly in the years ahead. And if we understand that the challenges we face are shared and our failure to meet them will hurt us all.

　　For we have learned from recent experience that when a financial system weakens in one country, prosperity is hurt everywhere. When a new flu infects one human being, all are at risk. When one nation pursues a nuclear weapon, the risk of nuclear attack rises for all nations.

　　When violent extremists operate in one stretch of mountains, people are endangered across an ocean. When innocents in Bosnia and Darfur are slaughtered, that is a stain on our collective conscience.

　　That is what it means to share this world in the 21st Century. That is the responsibility we have to one another as human beings. This is a difficult

　　responsibility to embrace, for human history has often been a record of nations and tribes, and, yes, religions subjugating one another in pursuit of their own interests.

　　Yet in this new age, such attitudes are self-defeating. Given our interdependence, any world order that elevates one nation or group of people over another will inevitably fail. So whatever we think of the past, we must not be prisoners to it. Our problems must be dealt with through partnership, our progress must be shared. Now, that does not mean we should ignore sources of tension. Indeed, it suggests the opposite. We must face these tensions squarely. And so, in that spirit, let me speak as clearly and as plainly as I can about some specific issues that I believe we must finally confront together.

　　The first issue that we have to confront is violent extremism in all its forms. In Ankara, I made clear that America is not and never will be at war with Islam. We will, however, relentlessly confront violent extremists who pose a grave threat to our security because we reject the same thing that people of all faiths reject, the killing of innocent men, women, and children. And it is my first duty as president to protect the American people.

　　The situation in Afghanistan demonstrates America's goals and our need to work together. Over seven years ago, the United States pursued Al Qaida and the Taliban with broad international support. We did not go by choice. We went because of necessity. I'm aware that there's still some who would question or even justify the offense of 9/11. But let us be clear. Al Qaida killed nearly 3,000 people on that day.

　　The victims were innocent men, women, and children from America and many other nations who had done nothing to harm anybody. And yet Al Qaida chose to ruthlessly murder these people, claimed credit for the attack, and even now states their determination to kill on a massive scale. They have affiliates in many countries and are trying to expand their reach.

　　奥巴马在埃及开罗大学的讲话(中英文)

　　I am honored to be in the timeless city of Cairo, and to be hosted by two remarkable institutions. For over a thousand years, Al-Azhar has stood as a beacon of Islamic learning, and for over a century, Cairo University has been a source of Egypt's advancement. Together, you represent the harmony between tradition and progress. I am grateful for your hospitality, and the hospitality of the people of Egypt. I am also proud to carry with me the goodwill of the American people, and a greeting of peace from Muslim communities in my country: assalaamu alaykum.

　　我们相聚在美国和musiling世界之间关系十分紧张的时期──这种紧张关系的历史根源远远超出了当前的任何政策辩论。伊斯兰教与西方世界之间的关系史既包括好几个世纪的共存与合作，也包括冲突和宗教战争。在近代，剥夺众多musiling权利和机会的殖民主义，以及musiling占主体的国家往往被视为傀儡、对其自身意愿鲜有顾及的冷战，加剧了这种紧张。此外，现代化和全球化带来的巨大变化致使很多musiling将西方视为伊斯兰传统的敌人。

　　暴力极端主义分子利用这种紧张关系煽动musiling世界为数不多但很有影响的少数派。9.11袭击事件以及这些极端主义分子不断对平民百姓采用暴力的行径使得我们国家中的一些人认为，伊斯兰教注定不仅与美国和西方国家，而且与人权为敌。所有这一切导致滋生出更多的恐惧，更多的不信任。

　　只要我们之间的关系定位于我们的分歧，我们就会让那些播种仇恨而不是和平，宣扬冲突而不是合作的人得势，而合作会帮助将正义与繁荣带给所有人。我们必须打破这种怀疑与不和的恶性循环。

　　We meet at a time of tension between the United States and Muslims around the world - tension rooted in historical forces that go beyond any current policy debate. The relationship between Islam and the West includes centuries of co-existence and cooperation, but also conflict and religious wars. More recently, tension has been fed by colonialism that

　　denied rights and opportunities to many Muslims, and a Cold War in which Muslim-majority countries were too often treated as proxies without regard to their own aspirations. Moreover, the sweeping change brought by modernity and globalization led many Muslims to view the West as hostile to the traditions of Islam.

　　extremists have exploited these tensions in a small but potent minority of Muslims. The attacks of September 11th, 2001 and the continued efforts of these extremists to engage in violence against civilians has led some in my country to view Islam as inevitably hostile not only to America and Western countries, but also to human rights. This has bred more fear and mistrust.

　　So long as our relationship is defined by our differences, we will empower those who sow hatred rather than peace, and who promote conflict rather than the cooperation that can help all of our people achieve justice and prosperity. This cycle of suspicion and discord must end.

　　我来到这里是要在美国和musiling世界之间寻求一种以共同利益和相互尊重为基点的新开端──基于美国和伊斯兰教并不相互排斥、不必相互竞争的真情。不仅如此，它们相互重合，拥有一些共同原则──公正与进步的原则；容忍与全人类都有尊严的原则。

　　我认识到，变化不会发生于一夜之间。一次讲话不可能排除多年来的不信任，我也不可能在我有限的时间里回答迄今摆到我们面前的所有复杂问题。但是我深信，为了向前推进，我们必须公开说出内心深处的话，但我们往往关起门来才说这些话。这必须成为相互倾听、相互学习、相互尊重并寻求共同之处的持久努力。《xxx》 (Holy Koran)教诲我们："明记真主，永吐真言。"这就是我将在今天努力做到的──尽最大努力说实话，兢兢业业面对使命，坚信我们同为人类的共同利益远比给我们造成隔阂的力量强大得多。

　　这种信念一部分来源于我个人的经历。我是基督教徒。我父亲来自肯尼亚一个数代musiling家庭。我小时候在印度尼西亚生活过几年，听到过宣礼塔在破晓和日落时刻的召唤。我年轻时在芝加哥的社区工作，那里有很多人从他们的musiling信仰中找到了尊严与安宁。

　　I have come here to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world; one based upon mutual interest and mutual respect; and one based upon the truth that America and Islam are not exclusive, and need not be in competition. Instead, they overlap, and share common principles - principles of justice and progress; tolerance and the dignity of all human beings.

　　I do so recognizing that change cannot happen overnight. No single speech can eradicate years of mistrust, nor can I answer in the time that I have all the complex questions that brought us to this point. But I am convinced that in order to move forward, we must say openly the things we hold in our hearts, and that too often are said only behind closed doors. There must be a sustained effort to listen to each other; to learn from each other; to respect one another; and to seek common ground. As the Holy Koran tells us, "Be conscious of God and speak always the truth." That is what I will try to do - to speak the truth as best I can, humbled by the task before us, and firm in my belief that the interests we share as human beings are far more powerful than the forces that drive us apart.

　　Part of this conviction is rooted in my own experience. I am a Christian, but my father came from a Kenyan family that includes

　　generations of Muslims. As a boy, I spent several years in Indonesia and heard the call of the azaan at the break of dawn and the fall of dusk. As a young man, I worked in Chicago communities where many found dignity and peace in their Muslim faith.

　　作为一个研读历史的人，我还知道伊斯兰教对文明的重大贡献。正是伊斯兰教──在爱资哈尔这样的地方──让学术之光照亮了一个又一个世纪，为欧洲的文艺复兴和启蒙运动铺平了道路。musiling群体不断创新，发明了代数学；磁性罗盘仪和导航工具；掌握了书写与印刷术；使我们了解了疾病的传播与治疗方式。伊斯兰文化为我们创造了雄伟的拱顶和高耸的尖塔；永恒的诗篇和美妙的音乐；遒劲的书法和瞑思静想之所。纵观历史，伊斯兰教以言词和行动揭示了宗教容忍与种族平等的可能。

　　我也知道，伊斯兰教一直是美国历程的一个组成部分。第一个承认我的国家的是摩洛哥。我国第二任总统约翰·亚当斯(John Adams)在1796年签署《的黎波里条约》(Treaty of Tripoli)时写道，"美国自身对musiling的法律、宗教或安宁绝无任何敌意"。自我国建国以来，美国musiling使美国丰富多姿。他们为国作战，担任公职，为民权奋斗，创办企业，在高等院校任教，在体育场上出类拔萃，赢得诺贝尔奖，建造我国最高建筑，点燃奥林匹克火炬。当第一位当选国会议员的美国musiling在宣誓捍卫我国宪法时，他手抚的是来自我国建国先父之一──托马斯·杰斐逊 (Thomas Jefferson)──私人图书馆藏书中的那本《xxx》。因此，在来到伊斯兰教的最初降示之地以前，我已经在三大洲了解了伊斯兰教。这段经历使我确信不疑，美国和伊斯兰教的伙伴关系必须基于真实的伊斯兰教，而不是那些不实之词。身为美国总统，我认为我的职责之一是随时驳斥对伊斯兰教的消极成见。

　　As a student of history, I also know civilization's debt to Islam. It was Islam - at places like Al-Azhar University - that carried the light of learning through so many centuries, paving the way for Europe's Renaissance and Enlightenment. It was innovation in Muslim communities that developed the order of algebra; our magnetic compass and tools of navigation; our mastery of pens and printing; our understanding of how disease spreads and how it can be healed. Islamic culture has given us majestic arches and soaring spires; timeless poetry and cherished music; elegant calligraphy and places of peaceful contemplation. And throughout history, Islam has demonstrated through words and deeds the possibilities of religious tolerance and racial equality.

　　I know, too, that Islam has always been a part of America's story. The first nation to recognize my country was Morocco. In signing the Treaty of Tripoli in 1796, our second President John Adams wrote, "The United States has in itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion or tranquility of Muslims." And since our founding, American Muslims have eiched the United States. They have fought in our wars, served in government, stood for civil rights, started businesses, taught at our Universities, excelled in our sports arenas, won Nobel Prizes, built our tallest building, and lit the Olympic Torch. And when the first

　　Muslim-American was recently elected to Congress, he took the oath to defend our Constitution using the same Holy Koran that one of our Founding Fathers - Thomas Jefferson - kept in his personal library.

　　So I have known Islam on three continents before coming to the region where it was first revealed. That experience guides my conviction that partnership between America and Islam must be based on what Islam is, not what it isn't. And I consider it part of my responsibility as President of the United States to fight against negative stereotypes of Islam wherever they appear.

　　然而，同样的原则也必须适用于musiling对美国的态度。就像musiling不是一个模子里刻出来的一样，美国也不能被用妄自尊大的帝国模子定型。美国是世界历来所知的最伟大的发展源泉之一。我的国家是在反抗一个帝国的斗争中诞生的。我们的建国理念是人人平等。几个世纪以来，我们不惜流血奋斗，实现那些话的含义──在我国国内，以及在世界各地。我们受到来自地球四面八方的各种文化的影响，但笃信一个简单的理念：合众为一(E pluribus unum)。

　　对一个名叫巴拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马的非洲裔美国人能够当选美国总统这一点已经议论繁多。但我的个人经历并不是那么独特。虽然人人都有机会的这个理想还没有在美国每一个人身上实现，但对于登陆我国的所有人来说，这个希望是存在的──其中包括属于我国今天80多个族裔群体的近700万美国musiling。实际上，美国musiling的收入及教育水平超过了我国的平均线。

　　而且，美国的自由与信奉宗教的自由密不可分。这就是为什么清真寺遍及我们合众国的每个州，在我们境内有着1200多座清真寺。这就是为什么美国政府为保护妇女和女童戴头巾的权利和为了惩罚那些想剥夺这项权利的人而诉诸司法手段。

　　所以，毋庸置疑：伊斯兰是美国的一部分。我认为美国自身坚信这样一个真理：我们大家，无论种族、宗教或生活地位，都有着共同的理想──和平安全地生活；受教育和有尊严地工作；热爱我们的家庭、我们的社区、我们的神主。这些是我们共享的东西。它是全人类的希望。

　　But that same principle must apply to Muslim perceptions of America. Just as Muslims do not fit a crude stereotype, America is not the crude stereotype of a self-interested empire. The United States has been one of the greatest sources of progress that the world has ever known. We were born out of revolution against an empire. We were founded upon the ideal that all are created equal, and we have shed blood and struggled for centuries to give meaning to those words - within our borders, and around the world. We are shaped by every culture, drawn from every end of the Earth, and dedicated to a simple concept: E pluribus unum: "Out of many, one."

　　Much has been made of the fact that an African-American with the name Barack Hussein Obama could be elected President. But my personal story is not so unique. The dream of opportunity for all people has not come true for everyone in America, but its promise exists for all who come to our shores - that includes nearly seven million American Muslims in our country today who enjoy incomes and education that are higher than average.

　　Moreover, freedom in America is indivisible from the freedom to practice one's religion. That is why there is a mosque in every state of our union, and over 1,200 mosques within our borders. That is why the U.S. government has gone to court to protect the right of women and girls to wear the hijab, and to punish those who would deny it.